Effect of Short Dental Implant Material on Bone Stress: An In Vitro Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

Aim: Using finite element analysis, determine the influence of short dental implant material on surrounding bone stresses. Material and Methods: One simplified model was created for a short implant of 4.8×4.8×4 mm placed vertically in simplified bone geometry to support dummy crown fixed by 50micron resin cement layer. Three materials were tested as an implant material, Zirconia, Titanium, and 30% CFR-PEEK. Components of the 3D model were prepared on engineering CAD/CAM software accumulated under ANSYS modeling for finite element analysis. The model was subjected to two loading cases as; 100 N compressive load and 50 N Oblique (45°), both at the central fossa. Results: Under the applied loads, all values of total deformations and Von Mises stresses that developed during the current investigation were within physiological limits. Under both loading cases, changing the implant material from Zirconia to titanium to Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) decreased Von Mises stress values in the implant, cortical, and cancellous bone. The cement layer, abutment, and connecting screws all showed signs of growth. Conclusion: Zirconia and Titanium can replace each other as short implant material. In addition, 30% CFR-PEEK can also be used as short implant material with minor acceptable stress differences.