The Properties of Lignin-Based Solid Acid Prepared Under Different Carbonization Temperatures and Catalytic Behavior Comparison on Lignin Pyrolysis

Abstract

Lignin was used as the carbon source to synthesize carbon-based solid acid catalyst via carbonization-sulfonation process under different carbonization temperatures. The properties of the solid acid catalysts were examined by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, EA, N2 adsorption–desorption, and SEM. The analysis results revealed that the change in the carbonization temperatures can lead to the catalyst with different surface area, acid density and thermal properties; the catalytic activity of solid acid catalysts on the lignin pyrolysis was also investigated. By exploring the pyrolysis conditions, a maximum bio-oil yield of 45.7% was gained at 295 °C with 0.075 g catalyst fabricated at the carbonization temperature of 520 °C. The compositions and performance of bio-oil obtained from lignin pyrolysis were studied comparatively by GC-MS, H1NMR, and EA. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism was sketched.