A Novel Noninvasive Topological Mathematical Nomogram for Diagnosing Male Bladder Outflow Obstruction

Abstract

Currently the pressure–flow (P/Q) study is considered as the golden standard for diagnosing bladder outflow obstruction (BOO), with clear invasion. In this study we established a novel topological mathematical nomogram with noninvasive free uroflow metry for predicting BOO. Based on the Hill model of topological mathematics, the detrusor contractility (DC) and, the rates of detrusor contraction velocity variation (RDCVV) of the bladder were acquired. An RDCVV less than 0.2 were considered suitable for the DC/maximum uroflow (C/Q) study. A C/Q nomogram was established via 233 cases (22 unobstructed, 49 equivocal, and 162 obstructed according to an invasive pressure/ uroflow study) with an RDCVV less than 0.2. Moreover, the C/Q nomogram was verified with 522 suitable cases with RDCVV less than 0.2 (328 obstructed, 106 equivocal, and 88 unobstructed according to an invasive pressure/uroflow study). A C/Q nomogram was successfully established and verified that have a high precision. A novel topological mathematical C/Q nomogram with noninvasive free uroflowmetry was successfully established for predicting BOO in male, with relatively high accuracy.