Harnessing the Power of Sn-Doped ZnO Rice-Shaped Nanomaterials for Microbial Defense

Abstract

Hydrothermally synthesized Sn-doped ZnO nanorices underwent comprehensive characterization, encompassing structural, morphological, compositional, optical, and vibrational features using advanced techniques. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed nanorices with dimensions 0.5—0.9 μm length and 80—150 nm width and distinctive morphology, displaying tapered or pointed ends, flower-like agglomeration, and a textured surface. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal phase, and the Debye-Scherer equation estimated an average crystal size of 9.17 nm. Antibacterial assessment against Bacillus cereus exhibited a notable dose-dependent effect, with substantial zones of inhibition (ZOI) at 90 μg/mL, comparable to standard antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin. Antifungal evaluation against Candida albicans demonstrated a dosedependent trend, indicating a potent hindrance of fungal growth at higher concentrations. Comparative analysis against the standard antifungal agent, Itraconazole, revealed a marginally superior antimicrobial effect of Sn-doped ZnO nanorices at the highest concentration tested. The nanorices exhibited comparable or superior efficacy compared to standard drugs, highlighting their potential as effective and tailored antimicrobial agents.