Fabrication of Titanium-Based Nano Biomaterial Dental Implant and Its Adoption in Osteogenesis and Accelerated Osseointegration

Abstract

To obtain early bone-binding between titanium implants and bone tissue, many researchers explored titanium surface modification technology to improve its biocompatibility and biological activity to achieve early bonebinding. Alkali-hydrothermal method is one of the important methods for surface modification of Ti-based materials. In this study, based on this method, nanotube structure materials, namely Na2Ti3O5, were constructed in situ on the surface of medical metal titanium by adjusting reaction conditions. The physical properties of ultra-pure water in different samples (Na2Ti3O5 network structure, Na2Ti3O5 tubular structure, and pure titanium sheet) were measured by static drop method, including material SEM, EDX, Raman spectrum, and contact angle. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of different samples were analyzed to explore the impact of surface nanostructures on the behavior of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Then, the effect of these samples on osteoprotectin (OPG) mRNA in MC3T3-E1 was investigated. From August 2017 to August 2021, 160 patients with alveolar defects were screened from affiliated hospitals of the college. In a double-blind experiment, the Na2Ti3O5 tubular structure was used as tooth filling material. Its performance was compared with that of Bio-Oss bone filling material from Geistlich, Switzerland. It was revealed that the pore size of the nano material was about 200 nm, and the wall thickness was 20–30 nm. EDX spectrum showed that the composite material was Na2Ti3O5. Na2Ti3O5 in network structure promoted cell adherence, spread, migration, and proliferation. In addition, the mRNA expression of Na2Ti3O5 tubular structure was 3.6 times higher than that of pure titanium (P <0.05), indicating better osteogenic differentiation and osseointegration. As a dental filling material, compared with Bio-Oss filling material, there was no considerable difference in the growth of soft and hard tissues in the bone defect area, the bone formation effect, and bone resorption between the two at six months (P >0.05).