Immune mechanisms of psoriasis. New strategies of biotherapy

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease - according to numerous studies, about 2% of the population suffer from it. Psoriasis degrades the life quality, and such concomitant pathologies as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and depression shorten the life expectancy of psoriasis patients. Substantial progress has been achieved today in understanding the mechanisms of the disease, searching for new treatment techniques and standardizing the disease severity According to the recent studies, psoriasis belongs to immune-dependent diseases with genetic predisposition to its development. Dendritic cells and T lymphocytes play an important part in psoriasis development. Their interaction launches a number of mechanisms ultimately leading to the inflammatory process development and formation of psoriatic skin affections. Such cytokines as IL-12, IL-23, IFN-y and TNF-a secreted by immunocompetent cells serve as mediators during such processes. An advanced therapeutic approach to the treatment of psoriasis means creating pathogenetically important cytokine specific monoclonal antibodies and placing them into the body Today there are drugs successfully blocking the development of psoriatic skin affections by means of specific binding of IL-12, IL-23 and TNF-a cytokines. Drugs called ustekinumab and ABT-874 confirmed their therapeutic activity with regard to psoriasis at Phases 2 and 3 of clinical trials. In the course of further trials, ustekinumab also demonstrated a safety profile comparable to that of placebo.