Cry Toxins from <i>Bt</i> Bollgard II® Cotton Seeds: An Affordable Source for Insect Bioassays

Abstract

The relative expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins from seeds of Bt Bollgard II® cotton was quantified using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) method. The ELISA technique involves binding a sample or calibrator to a solid-phase antibody, forming a "sandwich complex" with an enzyme-labeled antibody. The resulting enzyme substrate reaction produces a product proportional to the antigen concentration. The study reveals that each gram of Bt Bollgard II® seed powder contains 3.25 μg Cry1Ac and 182.32 μg Cry2Ab, with Cry2Ab expression 56 times higher. Variability in Cry protein expression is influenced by factors like temperature, genetic background, and plant maturity. The research emphasizes the importance of Bt plants, particularly Bt Bollgard II® seed powder as a valuable source for studying insect responses to combined Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab expression in bioassay studies.