A Systematic Review on the Distribution and Density of <i>Aedes</i> Species in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan Countries

Abstract

Aedes mosquitoes are effective carriers of virus pathogens such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, zika, and other viruses, leading to high morbidity and mortality. This review compiles information on the geographical distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in the Hindu-Kush Himalayas (HKH). Articles published in SCI-indexed journals from 2000 to 2022 have been reviewed using the key words "Aedes”, "distribution", and "country name (e.g., Nepal)”. A total of 353 articles have been indexed, of which only 52 were ultimately explored. The review highlights a historical prevalence of Aedes spp. in the HKH countries, with their distribution gradually shifting along altitude gradients. Surging dengue cases in the HKH region pose a public health threat. Urgent action is required, including comprehensive nationwide surveys mapping Aedes spp. across diverse altitudes.