Radiation-induced lung injury in malignant thoracic neoplasms: current state of the problem, trends in prevention and rehabilitation

Abstract

Radiation-induced lung injury is one of the most serious complications of radiation therapy in patients with malignant thoracic neoplasms. It results from accumulation of radiation dose in the lung tissue and can lead to development of various pathological changes in the lungs, such as fibrosis, pneumonitis and pulmonary hypertension. Post-radiation lung injury can significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life and worsen the prognosis. Aim. This literature review analyzes the causes of radiation-induced lung injury, describes the main clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods, and also discusses the possibilities of treatment and prevention of this complication. Conclusion. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of radiation-induced lung injury. There is still a need for further studies of the specific prognostic factors. Non-invasive methods to diagnose the functional state of the respiratory system also deserve attention. Promising areas of future research and development include individual clinical monitoring and monitoring of lung function, specific methods of treatment, prevention and reduction of the consequences of radiation-induced lung injury. Development in this areas will help to create a unified system of prevention and rehabilitation of radiation-induced lung injury as part of complex treatment.