D-hypovitaminosis in working age patients with diseases of the respiratory organs: the risks and prevention

Abstract

D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population is quite common in industrialized countries, especially when it comes to patients with chronic diseases, including respiratory ones. The role of vitamin D in calcium and bone homeostasis is well known. In recent years, vitamin D has been recognized to modulate many processes and regulatory systems involved in the immune response and reparative processes, in addition to the classic function of this vitamin. Aim. A review of the prevalence of D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population with respiratory diseases was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov databases for 2014 - 2019. Results. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that low serum vitamin D is associated with impaired lung function, an increase in the incidence of inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic diseases, which include asthma, COPD, and cancer. Conclusion. Knowledge of direct pathogenetic relationships between vitamin D levels and lung diseases is currently limited, although there is a number of studies that highlight the relevance of this relationship. A number of studies are contradictory in their results, which requires further study of the role of vitamin D levels in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and the need for its inclusion in the essential therapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment and accuracy of the prognosis. However, large-scale screening studies of vitamin D level for the purpose of its correction are costly, even with a single measurement.