Author:
Mustapa Fara Diva,Zainuddin Farah Kamilah,Kamaruddin Tantish,Abdul Halim Nur Hajarul Falahi,Misnan Mohd Saidin
Abstract
Construction activities have been identified as one of the sectors that contribute to high gas emissions, which inspires low-carbon housing development. This paper discusses the adoption of low-carbon design/features in Johor housing development and its cost implications. Five landed and high-rise housing case studies were gathered and analysed from both expert interviews and document analysis. Findings indicate that landed housing exerted more low-carbon design/features than high-rise housing due to design economics implications with an additional cost of 17.5% for high-rise and 10% for landed. The hard costs accounted for 83.5% of high-rise projects and 66% of landed ones, while the soft costs accounted for 16% of high-rise projects and 27% of landed ones. The remaining land costs depend on the developer's land bank and the land's book value. In conclusion, despite the higher development costs, low-carbon design/features adoption is worth considering for a more sustainable housing development in Malaysia.
Publisher
Malaysian Institute of Planners