Synergistic effects of cyclic ketals in fuel compositions and antibactrial agents

Abstract

The synergistic effect of cyclic ketals in compositions with lower alcohols was first discovered in the study of the octane-raising effect of ketals additives to alcohol-containing gasolines. The use of model oxidation reactions of ketals and their structural analogs, benzdioxolanes, in proton-donor media made it possible to associate the mechanism of the synergistic effect with the formation of ketal-alcohol complexes with the properties of surfactants that form hydrated supramolecular structures around them. Inside them, more efficiently than in a bulk medium, hot fuel radicals are deactivated with a transfer from an explosive combustion mode to a stationary one. Such a structuring effect is of general importance for the functioning of ketals in hydrophobic-hydrophilic systems, including biological media. This conclusion is confirmed by the study of cyclic ketals activity in compositions with alcohols and carboxylic acids as antibacterial agents.