Efficacy of lipid extract of marine green alga Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot for repair of mouse red cells membranes under stress exposure

Abstract

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot is a marine green alga belonging to the Codiaceae family, is one of the mass species of macrophytes in the Far East Region of the Russian Federation. The total lipid content was 13.92 ± 0.22 mg per g of dry tissue, of which 44% were glycolipids and 40% were neutral lipids, phospholipids accounted for 16%. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was over 50% of the total fatty acids, of which PUFAs of the ω-3 family (36.2%) and ω-6 family (17.8%) predominated. Under of stress exposure (vertical fixation by dorsal neck fold) the effect of lipid extract of C. fragile and reference remedy Omega-3 on biochemical and physiological parameters of mice erythrocytes was studied. Under the impact of stress erythrocytes undergo certain changes, as in terms of dimensional characteristics so as in phospholipid pattern of membranes. This leads to changes in its permeability and lability, also made more complex their circulation through the capillary bed. The endogenous antioxidant defense system of mice under stress experiences a considerable strain, as evidenced by the increase in the level of malonic dialdehyde while reducing in the activity of superoxide dismutase and the level of antiradical activity in blood plasma. The administration of the lipid extract of C. fragile under stress conditions was accompanied by the restoration of the lipid content in the erythrocyte membranes, a decrease in the amount of lysophospholipids, and the normalization of the sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratio, which contributed to the restoration of the dimensional parameters of erythrocytes, their osmotic resistance, and indices of the body’s antioxidant system. The pronounced stress- and membrane-protective effect of the lipid extract of C. fragile is due to the presence in its composition of a wide range of neutral and polar lipids containing PUFAs of the ω-3 and ω-6 families, which ensures a higher efficiency of the algal extract under stress compared to the reference preparation “Omega-3”.