Biofungicides in the cultivation technology of spring wheat

Abstract

In order to reduce the pesticide load on agrocenoses, studies of the effectiveness of biofungicides in the cultivation of spring wheat are very significant Studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on the experimental field of the plant protection department of the SFNCA RAS, located in the forest- steppe zone of Priobye. The possibilities of using microbiological preparations Trichodermin, Sporobac-terin and Fitosporin- M to protect spring wheat from diseases were studied on crops of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety. The effect of biological preparations on the development of leaf diseases as well as on the growth processes and yield of wheat was studied. The development of leaf infections was moderate. Against septoriosis in the phase of the beginning of milk maturity of grain ef ciency of the treatments of crops with Fitosporin- M and fungicide Titul Duo was 47,3 % and 67,7 %, in combination with the treatment of seeds - 31,2-75,3 %. Against powdery mildew, the efficiency of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, Scarlet, and crop treatment with fungicide Titul Duo ranged from 6.7 % to 52.2 %, and against leaf rust, from 82.6 % to 95.6 %. Treatment of crops with Fitosporin- M and its combination with seed treatment had no deterrent effect on these leaf diseases. Growth of the flag leaf area in the experiment was 9,4-41,9 % relative to control (11,7 cm2); it was greatest in Trichodermin+Titul Duo and Sporobacterin+Titul Duo variants. Treatment of seeds and crops with preparations had an effect on the structure of the wheat ear. The combined treatment of the seeds with biological preparations and sowing of wheat with Fitosporin- M and Titul Duo resulted in the increase of such indices as the ear length (by 8,1-17,9 %), number of ears (by 6,1-14,4 %) and grains (by 21,8-43,4 %) in an ear, weight of grains per ear (by 28,9-61,1 %). Weight of 1000 grains increased significantly in all variants of the experiment by 2.7-14.0 %. Trichodermin + Titul Duo, Sporobacterin + Titul Duo, and Scarlet + Titul Duo were comparable in yield, 0.75 t/ha, 0.72 t/ha, and 0.80 t/ha, respectively; treatment of the crops with Fitosporin- M and Titul Duo resulted in additional 0.25 t/ha and 0.66 t/ha of the control (2.31 t/ha).