Characteristics of morphologicaland economically valuable features of wild and cultivated soybean forms and varieties of the soybean Research Institute and their identification by microsatellite analysis

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to study morphological, economically valuable traits and molecular genetic polymorphism of alleles using microsatellite DNA of 9 varieties of cultivated and 5 forms of wild soybeans of the All-Russian Soybean Research Institute for Identification and certification of their genotypes. Unique DNA profiles of the studied soybean varieties and forms were obtained by PCR analysis using six microsatellite loci (Satt1, Satt2, Satt5, Satt9, Sourgr1 and Soyhsp176). 24 alleles were identified, the number of which per locus ranges from 2 to 10. For each locus, the value of information polymorphism (PIC) varied from 0.28 to 0.86, the average was 0.62, the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.38 to 6.92, the average was 3.30. It should be noted that the varieties of cultivated soybeans had differences between themselves from 1 to 4 loci. The dendrogram of the studied soybean genotypes, constructed by the method of unweighted pairwise-group analysis (UPGMA) in the POPGENE program VERSION 1.32, revealed two large clusters. Cluster I includes cultivated soybean varieties, cluster II includes wild soybean forms, which indicates their significant genetic differences. It is shown that the most contrasting morphological differences were revealed for Topaz and Dauria varieties, both by phenotype (coloration and intensity of pubescence, color, shape of seeds and hem), and by all economically valuable signs (vegetation period - 95 and 112 days; yield - 26.8 and 30.9 c/ha, plant height,- 64 and 81 cm;, the height of attachment of the lower bean - 13 and 16 cm, the weight of 1000 seeds - 174.7 and 185.4; protein content - 40.3 and 38.2 %; oil content - 19.2 and 19.8 %, respectively). For the first time, molecular genetic passports of 9 varieties of cultivated soybeans of the Soybean Research Institute for the certification of their genotypes have been compiled.