Influence of the length of daylight hours on the matrix diversity and productivity of the early maturing soybean variety Sentyabrinka seeds when grown in the conditions of the Amur region

Abstract

The research was carried out under the conditions of a vegetative experiment of the laboratory of plant physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean” with an early maturing soybean variety Sentyabrinka. In 2020-2022, we research the effect of light days on the matrix different quality and productivity of soybean seeds in order to determine the response of an early maturing variety to light days, which depends primarily on the sowing time of seeds of an early maturing variety. The artificial reduction of light days from sixteen to ten hours at the sowing date on May 28 reduced the growing season of plants by 7 days, and light days at the sowing date on June 3 under natural conditions provided the longest growing season, which was 4 days longer compared to this period in plants grown with 10 hours of light days. The number of seeds formed on 1 plant under the conditions of natural light days was maximum at the sowing date on May 28, exceeding by 9 pcs/plant relative to this indicator for plants with a sowing date of June 3. The largest number of beans was formed on tier II in plants with natural light days at the sowing date on May 28 and exceeded this figure by 4 pcs for plants with a sowing date of June 03. Regardless of the duration of light days, the least number of beans was on layer I, both at the sowing date of May 28 and June 3. With the duration of light days at the sowing date of May 28, a tendency to increase plant productivity by 0.3 g/plant was revealed compared with this indicator for plants with a sowing date of June 3. A significant increase in the productivity of soybean plants of the Sentyabrinka variety by 1.16 g/plant was established at the sowing date on May 28 relative to this indicator for the variant with a reduction in light days to 10 hours at the sowing date on June 3. For all indicators of the quality and productivity of seeds, a favorable light day was created for plants in natural conditions at the sowing date of May 28.