Ascorbic acid content in summer apple tree varieties fruit depending of rootstock and metrological conditions of vegetable

Abstract

One of the quality indicators of fruits is their chemical composition, which depends on the cultivar, growing conditions, degree of maturity and a number of other factors. It varies in less stable cultivars with sudden changes in the weather conditions of the growing season. Apples contain one of the important antioxidant vitamins - ascorbic acid. In the temperate zone of horticulture, the average content of ascorbic acid in apple fruits is 10-15 mg/100 g. The correct selection of graft-rootstock combinations is important, since the rootstock affects the metabolic processes occurring in the fruit plant, including the chemical composition of the fruit. The objects of the studies were summer apple cultivars Orlinka and Yablochny Spas on various types of rootstocks - vegetatively propagated 62-396 and intercalary 62-396 and 3-17-38, grown at the site of variety studies at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). As a result of the conducted five-year studies, it was found that the meteorological conditions of the growing season had the greatest influence. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was observed in a year with excessive moisture during the active formation and development of the ovary and with drought during fruit ripening. Having conducted a comparative characterization of Yablochny Spas and Orlinka on clone rootstock 62-396 and dwarf intercalaries 62-396 and 3-17-38 in terms of ascorbic acid content in fruits, it was revealed that there were no significant differences between graft-rootstock combinations and cultivars.