Somatization, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life in Rural and Urban Russians

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization as potential risk factors for poor quality of life among rural and urban Russians. The participants were 319 rural (N = 158) and urban (N = 161) residents who completed measures assessing somatization, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life. Results showed that urban residents experienced more frequent and intense somatization (53.4% vs. 37.3%), anxiety (38.5% vs. 17.1%), and depressive symptoms (50.3% vs. 19.6%) than did rural residents. Both urban and rural residents complained equally about physical health (68.9% vs. 63.3%), but not mental health (18.1% vs. 17.7%). The relationship between quality of life and psychosomatic status is more complex among rural residents than among urban residents, as it depends on more potential risk factors. In conclusion, these patterns need further empirical testing, after which they can be used to develop medical and psychological assistance programs for the Russian population.