Long-Term and Seasonal Dynamics of Inversion Polymorphism of the Malaria Mosquito <i>Anopheles messeae</i> Fall. (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Population of the Central Part of the Species Range (Western Siberia, Tomsk Region)

Abstract

The assessment of the level of genetic variability from 1974 to 2020 in the population of the malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae Fall. in the village of Kolarovo (Tomsk region) was carried out on the basis of cytogenetic analysis of polytene chromosomes. Analysis of the dynamics of inversion polymorphism of the malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae Fall. in the period from 1974 to 2020, according to the frequencies of inversion variants of chromosomes and gametes in the population village Kolarovo showed the replacement of “northern” variants in the period of the 90s of the last century with “southern” variants and the stabilization of these changes until 2020. The correlation of the frequency distribution of chromosomal inversions from 1972 to 2020 was revealed with an annual temperature including a semi-annual average April–September and semi-annual average October–March temperature. The results obtained made it possible to reveal the nature of dynamic processes associated with the modification of a specific ecological niche during a long period due to climate warming. The spatiotemporal stationarity (dynamic stability) of adaptive inversion polymorphism is evidence of high population-genetic (or rather species-specific) homeostasis and the absence of tendencies to speciation.