T-Lymphocyte metabolic features and techniques to modulate them

Abstract

T cells demonstrate a high degree of complexity and a broad range of functions which distinguish them from other immune cells. Throughout life, T lymphocytes experience several functional states: quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation, performance of effector and regulatory functions, memory formation, and apoptosis. Metabolism supports all the T cell functions, providing lymphocytes with energy, biosynthetic substrates, and signaling molecules. Therefore, T cells usually restructure their metabolism as they transition from one functional state to another. The strong association between metabolism and T cell function implies that the immune response can be controlled by manipulating metabolic processes within T lymphocytes. This review aims to highlight the main metabolic adaptations necessary for T cell function, as well as the recent progress in techniques to modulate the lymphocyte metabolic features.