Variation of winter wheat grain quality traits in the Steppe zone of the Rostov region

Abstract

The research was carried out in 2016–2023 in the steppe zone of the Rostov region. The article presents data on the variability of grain quality indicators in various environmental conditions in varieties of winter soft wheat of the selection Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre: Donskaya T 20, Bogema, Pafos, Palmira 18, Donya, Konstanta 22. The soil of the experimental site is southern medium – sized carbonate chernozem. The predecessor in the experiment is black steam. Various correlations from r = –0,74–0,26 between yield and protein content in grain were revealed. The ratio of the gluten and protein content of winter wheat in the steppe zone of the Rostov region is 1,3–2,3. In the conditions of the steppe of the Rostov region, the high stability of the varieties of winter wheat of the French selection was noted in terms of protein content, gluten, volume yield of bread and grain vitreousness. The greatest variability was revealed on the basis of the number of drops that determines the activity of α-amylase, which indicates the dependence of the genotype on the conditions for the formation of grain quality. The influence of proteolytic enzymes of the bug harmful turtle (Eurygaster integriceps) on the technological and baking properties of varieties was revealed.