Abstract
AbstractThis survey examined lay and expert beliefs about statements concerning stress effects on (eyewitness) memory. Thirty-seven eyewitness memory experts, 36 fundamental memory experts, and 109 laypeople endorsed, opposed, or selected don’t know responses for a range of statements relating to the effects of stress at encoding and retrieval. We examined proportions in each group and differences between groups (eyewitness memory experts vs. fundamental memory experts; experts vs. laypeople) for endorsements (agree vs. disagree) and selections (don’t know vs. agree/disagree). High proportions of experts from both research fields agreed that very high levels of stress impair the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. A majority of fundamental experts, but not eyewitness experts, endorsed the idea that stress experienced during encoding can enhance memory. Responses to statements regarding moderating factors such as stressor severity and detail type provided further insight into this discrepancy. Eyewitness memory experts more frequently selected the don’t know option for neuroscientific statements regarding stress effects on memory than fundamental memory experts, although don’t know selections were substantial among both expert groups. Laypeople’s responses to eight of the statements differed statistically from expert answers on topics such as memory in children, in professionals such as police officers, for faces and short crimes, and the existence of repression, providing insight into possible ‘commonsense’ beliefs on stress effects on memory. Our findings capture the current state of knowledge about stress effects on memory as reflected by sample of experts and laypeople, and highlight areas where further research and consensus would be valuable.
Funder
Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Programme The House of Legal Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous),Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Reference88 articles.
1. Abercrombie, H. C., Kalin, N. H., Thurow, M. E., Rosenkranz, M. A., & Davidson, R. J. (2003). Cortisol variation in humans affects memory for emotionally laden and neutral information. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117(3), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.117.3.505
2. Adams, T. (2016, February 14). Is there too much stress on stress? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/14/workplace-stress-hans-selye
3. Akhtar, S., Kalin, N. H., Thurow, M. E., Rosenkranz, M. A., & Davidson, M. A. (2018). The ‘common sense’ memory belief system and its implications. The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, 22(3), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365712718784045
4. Bailis, K. L., & Mueller, J. H. (1981). Anxiety, feedback, and self-reference in face recognition. Motivation and Emotion, 5(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00993664
5. Becker, D. (2013). One nation under stress: The trouble with stress as an idea. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199742912.001.0001
Cited by
15 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献