DETERMINAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT PADA BALITA

Abstract

Tingginya angka kejadian infeksi pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada balita di Indonesia menimbulkan kekhawatiran serius dalam bidang kesehatan masyarakat. Berbagai studi telah mengidentifikasi sejumlah determinan yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada anak. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Lanny Jaya pada tahun 2022. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 133 ibu balita yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik untuk menetapkan nilai unadjusted dan adjusted odd rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada analisis unadjusted, pendidikan ibu (OR 3,472; 95% CI 1,471-8,196), pengetahuan ibu tentang ISPA (OR 3,185; 95% CI 1,564-6,487), status imunisasi (OR 3,016; 95% CI 1,457-6,242) dan faktor lingkungan (OR 6,548; 95% CI 3,017-14,210) merupakan faktor risiko kejadian ISPA. Sedangkan hasil analisis adjusted dengan multivariat menunjukkan faktor lingkungan (OR 5,549; 95% CI 2,366-13,015) menjadi satu-satunya faktor risiko kejadian ISPA. Sedangkan pengetahuan ibu tentang ISPA (OR 0,247; 95% CI 0,103-0,591) dan status imunisasi (OR 0,337; 95% CI 0,139-0,816) merupakan faktor protektif terhadap kejadian ISPA. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan dan edukasi kesehatan ibu, serta memperluas cakupan imunisasi untuk mengurangi kejadian ISPA pada anak. The high incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children in Indonesia raises serious concerns in the field of public health. Various studies have identified several determinants contributing to the occurrence of ARI in toddlers. This study aims to determine the determinants of acute respiratory infections in children. The research used a cross-sectional design conducted in Lanny Jaya Regency in 2022. The study sample consisted of 133 mothers of toddlers selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and multivariate analysis with logistic regression to determine unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios. The results showed that in the unadjusted analysis, maternal education (OR 3.472; 95% CI 1.471-8.196), mothers' knowledge about ARI (OR 3.185; 95% CI 1.564-6.487), immunization status (OR 3.016; 95% CI 1.457-6.242), and environmental factors (OR 6.548; 95% CI 3.017-14.210) were risk factors for ARI occurrence. Meanwhile, the adjusted analysis with multivariate analysis showed that environmental factors (OR 5.549; 95% CI 2.366-13.015) were the only risk factors for ARI occurrence. Mothers' knowledge about ARI (OR 0.247; 95% CI 0.103-0.591) and immunization status (OR 0.337; 95% CI 0.139-0.816) were protective factors against ARI occurrence. It is recommended that environmental quality, maternal health education, and immunization coverage be improved to reduce the incidence of ARI in children.