Social security, economic growth, and the rise in elderly widows’ independence in the twentieth century

Author:

McGarry Kathleen1,Schoeni Robert F.2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles

2. RAND, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407

Abstract

Abstract The percentage of elderly widows living alone rose from 18% in 1940 to 62% in 1990, while the percentage living with adult children declined from 59% to 20%. This study finds that income growth, particularly increased Social Security benefits, was the single most important determinant of living arrangements, accounting for nearly one-half of the increase in independent living. Unlike researchers in earlier studies, we find no evidence that the effect of income became stronger over the period. Changes in age, race, immigrant status, schooling, and completed fertility explain a relatively small share of the changes in living arrangements.

Publisher

Duke University Press

Subject

Demography

Reference49 articles.

1. Determinants of Extended Household Structure: Cultural Pattern or Economic Need?;Angel;American Journal of Sociology,1982

2. Privacy, Poverty, and Old Age;Beresford;Demography,1966

3. Health, Children, and Elderly Living Arrangements: A Multiperiod-Multinomial Probit Model With Unobserved Heterogeneity and Autocorrelated Errors;Borsch-Supan,1992

4. Immigration and Living Arrangements: Elderly Women in Canada;Boyd;International Migration Review,1991

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