1. Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Katherine Baer, 1997, “Colombia,” in Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice, ed. by Teresa Ter-Minassian (Washington: International Monetary Fund), pp. 457–503.
2. IMF Working Paper;E Ahmad,2004
3. Ahmad, Junaid, 1998, “South Africa: An Intergovernmental Fiscal System in Transition,” in Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries, ed. by Richard M. Bird and François Vaillancourt (New York: Cambridge University Press), pp. 239–70.
4. —, 2003, “Creating Incentives for Fiscal Discipline in the New South Africa,” in Fiscal Decentralization and the Challenge of Hard Budget Constraints, ed. by Jonathan Rodden, Gunnar S. Eskeland, and Jennie Litvack (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press), pp. 325–52.
5. Alesina, Alberto, and Roberto Perotti, 1995, “The Political Economy of Budget Deficits,” Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, Vol. 42 (March), pp. 1–31.