1. Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, originally published in 1850 (New York, 1990), 195Hawthorne195The Scarlet Letter1990
2. Carol F. Karlsen, The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England (New York,1987), 1-2Karlsen1The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England1987