1. Koontz Harold, O'Donnell Cyril, Principles of Management (3rd ed.; New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1964), p. 1.
2. The various modern management schools are examined in Koontz Harold, ed. Toward a Unified Theory of Management (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1964), 273 pp.
3. The problems of defining enterprise efficiency are great, given the difficulty of measuring variegated inputs and outputs. See Simon Herbert A., Administrative Behavior (2nd ed.; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1961), pp. 172–197, for a detailed discussion of this crucial point. It is important to point out that the concept of productive efficiency warrants an entire chapter in our book. In this chapter models of both firm and economic system efficiency having universal application will be presented.
4. For a discussion of the concept of gross national product, see Samuelson Paul A., Economics (5th ed.; New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1961), pp. 212–237. As with many other aggregate concepts dealt with here, measurement of this item is much more difficult than the basic concept.
5. See Heilbroner Robert L., The Great Ascent (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), pp. 75–88, for a further discussion of this point.