Screening and Diagnostic Advances of Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopy

Abstract

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is developing and applying computer algorithms that can perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. Machine learning (ML) refers to AI in which the algorithm, based on the input raw data, analyzes features in a separate dataset without explicitly being programmed and delivers a specified classification output. ML has been applied in image discrimination and classification, which has many applications within medicine, mainly when imaging is used. In this review, we will discuss AI applications in gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopic image analysis, including esophageal pathologies detection and classification, analysis of upper endoscopic images for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, detection and depth assessment of early gastric cancer, and detection of various abnormalities in small-bowel capsule endoscopy images, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and endoscopic ultrasonography. The widespread application of AI technologies across multiple aspects of gastrointestinal endoscopy can potentially transform clinical endoscopic practice positively.