Synthesis and Application of 3-[3-Phenylpyrazylazo]-2,7-Naphthalendiol for Improved Palladium Determination in Environmental Samples and Enhanced ZnO Nanoparticle Performance

Abstract

In this study, a spectrophotometric method for the determination of low levels of palladium (II) was developed by forming a complex with the new reagent 3-(3-phenyl pyrazyl azo)-2,7-naphthalendiol (3PPAN). The complex showed maximum absorption at 612 nm with a maximum molar absorptivity of 4.911?104 L/mol/cm, and a linear correlation was established between absorbance and concentration. The accuracy and repeatability of the method were evaluated and found to be precise (RSD 1.22%) and accurate (relative error 0.157%). The method?s selectivity was also tested by evaluating the effect of various ions. The stability constant of the complex was determined to be 2.759?107 L/mol. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Pd (II) ions in environmental samples of water and soil. In addition, the new ligand (3PPAN) was used to improve the properties of nano ZnO through a ligand exchange reaction on nanoparticles.. KEYWORDS :Azo, Palladium, Spectrophotometric, ZnO nanoparticles.