3D Bioprinting: Process, Techniques, Biomaterials and Bioinks and its Future Aspects

Abstract

3D bioprinting could be a pioneering technology that allows the fabrication of biomimetic, multiscale, multi-cellular tissues with extremely complicated tissue microenvironments, complex structure, structure-function hierarchy, and tissue-specific integrative and mechanical nonuniformity. 3D bioprinting has gained momentum in the generation of human constructs mimicking native tissues or organs. Varied biomaterials include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids together with nanocomposites area used to develop biocompatible and perishable scaffolds promoting cell adhesion and proliferation within the tissues. In this review, the various fabrication techniques: Pressure-Assisted, Magnetic-Assisted and Light-Assisted bioprinting, are outlined, elaborated and compared.