Nanotechnology Solutions To Mitigate Covid-19 Challenges

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has fuelled a global demand for effective diagnosis. Millions have lost lives in the face of this current health threat. The first case of COVID-19 was reportedly found in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, effective strategies for early detection and plausible treatment of COVID-19 to reduce the viral load and contain its global transmission have been under rigorous research. Theragnostic nanoparticles have been a promising tool for efficiently delivering therapeutic moieties like drugs, vaccines, siRNA, peptides to target infection sites. In this article, we shed light on the role of nanotechnology as effective carriers for immune modulators for fighting against Covid-19 and its relevance in biosensors and care tests. On account of their high bioavailability, sustained and controlled release profiles, and properties like imaging and targeting, nanomaterials are extremely useful for antigen delivery. Nanomaterials have an impact on the immune responses to a vaccine. Their physicochemical properties, counting size, surface charge, and surface modification, affect their resulting immunological outcomes. We aim to examine the preliminary concepts of virology and provide brief information to promote new insights into the evolution of novel vaccine adjuvants. We also discuss nanotechnology-based strategies like 3D printing, antiviral coatings, and therapeutics to combat this pandemic. The challenges and the drawbacks involved have also been highlighted.