Conditions for the implementation of the phenomenon of programmed death of neutrophils with the appearance of DNA extracellular traps during thrombus formation

Abstract

   The formation of DNA extracellular traps of neutrophils (NET-osis) is a mechanism of programmed cell death of leukocytes, which initially has antibacterial and antifungal functions. The ability of neutrophils to become activated upon contact with activated platelets and, in turn, to activate the contact coagulation pathway via DNA traps plays a central role in venous thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in COVID-19. At the same time, the intracellular signaling that controls NET-osis is extremely poorly understood even for the simplest cases, when this process is caused by lipopolysaccharides of the bacterial cell wall. In this review, we consider the case of NET-osis in thrombosis, for which there are even more questions. We focused on the conditions for NET-osis observation and features in different scenarios.