Results of the use of cladribine in children with acute myeloid leukemia in the treatment according to the AML-MM-2006 protocol

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the results of the use of cladribine in the treatment according to the AML-MM-2006 protocol as post-remission therapy in children. This study is supported by the Independent Ethics Committee and approved by the Academic Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The article presents the experience of treating children with AML at the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital, and later at the Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center within the framework of the AML-MM-2006 protocol. For the period from 2006 to 2018, 25 children were included in the study. As a comparison, to assess the effectiveness of therapy, the remaining cohort of patients from the intermediate risk group, which consisted of 83 children, was selected. Ultimately, the addition of cladribine in consolidation therapy did not show a significant therapeutic effect (event-free survival 0.47 ± 0.1 for the cladribine group, 0.52 ± 0.06 for the control group), including the development of relapse (56% patients in the cladribine group had a relapse, in the control group – in 34.5%). Thus, the study proved that further inclusion of cladribine in consolidation therapy for primary AML is inappropriate.