CNS side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical models, genetics and multimodality therapy

Author:

McGinnis Gwendolyn J12,Raber Jacob1234

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA

2. Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA

3. Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA

4. Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA

Abstract

Following cancer treatment, patients often report behavioral and cognitive changes. Novel cancer immunotherapeutics have the potential to produce sustained cancer survivorship, meaning patients will live longer with the side effects of treatment. Given the role of inflammatory pathways in mediating behavioral and cognitive impairments seen in cancer, we aim in this review to discuss emerging evidence for the contribution of immune checkpoint blockade to exacerbate these CNS effects. We discuss ongoing studies regarding the ability of immune checkpoint inhibitors to reach the brain and how treatment responses to checkpoint inhibitors may be modulated by genetic factors. We further consider the use of preclinical tumor-models to study the role of tumor status in CNS effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors and multimodality therapy.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Oncology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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