1. The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, & Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
2. Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
3. School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
4. Department of Economics, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA