Doxorubicin-loaded MePEG-PCL nanoparticles for prevention of posterior capsular opacification

Abstract

Aims: Cytotoxic drugs are considered as potent candidates for the prevention of posterior capsular opacification (PCO), but the toxicity incited to healthy intraocular structures is a major concern. In this study, the authors evaluated the effect of PEG methyl ether-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MePEG-PCL) doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for prevention of PCO and their influence on intraocular tissues. Methods: MePEG-PCL DOX NPs were prepared and characterized. The cytotoxic effect of DOX NPs on lens epithelial cells was compared with free drug. Its effect on PCO prevention following single subconjunctival delivery to lensectomized rabbits was assessed. Toxicity to intraocular structures was evaluated by specular microscopy, electroretinography and histopathology. The availability of DOX in aqueous humor was determined by HPLC. Results: The cytotoxic effect of DOX NPs was higher compared with free DOX due to prolonged retention within the cells. A significant reduction in degree of PCO was observed in DOX NP-treated eyes compared with untreated controls. There was no significant change in the density and morphology of corneal endothelial cells or the histology of intraocular structures. Electroretinographs of treated eyes did not change compared with the pretreatment values. DOX could be detected by HPLC in the aqueous humor up to 48 h following single subconjunctival injection. Conclusion: The authors conclude that DOX-loaded MePEG-PCL NPs show promise as a new approach to selectively kill highly proliferative lens epithelial cells in vivo following cataract surgery, while sparing normal tissue. Original submitted 15 May 2012; Revised submitted 4 September 2012; Published online 11 January 2013.