Part I: recent developments in nanoelectrodes for biological measurements

Abstract

Biosensors are a type of analytical device that use biological molecules to monitor biorecognition events and interactions. Coupled with the progress in nanotechnologies over recent years, the development of a nanobiosensor based on individual nanoelectrodes and nanoelectrode arrays or nanoelectrode ensembles offers unprecedented avenues for screening and detection at ultrahigh sensitivities. These capabilities provide the basis for a paradigmatic change in biomedical diagnostics and treatment. In this review, we highlight recent developments in nanoelectrode platforms and their suitability for integrating with biological components for the fabrication of ultrasensitive nanobiosensors.