Molecular and antigen tests, and sample types for diagnosis of COVID-19: a review

Author:

Zhang Yujia1ORCID,Garner Rachael1ORCID,Salehi Sana1ORCID,Rocca Marianna La2ORCID,Duncan Dominique1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA

2. Università di Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Bari, Italy

Abstract

Laboratory tests seeking to improve detection of COVID-19 have been widely developed by laboratories and commercial companies. This review provides an overview of molecular and antigen tests, presents the sensitivity and specificity for 329 assays that have received US FDA Emergency Use Authorization and evaluates six sample collection methods – nasal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swabs, saliva, blood and stool. Molecular testing is preferred for diagnosis of COVID-19, but negative results do not always rule out the presence of infection, especially when clinical suspicion is high. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 88.1 to 100% and 88 to 100%, respectively. Antigen tests may be more easy to use and rapid. However, they have reported a wide range of detection sensitivities from 16.7 to 85%, which may potentially yield many false-negative results.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Virology

Reference61 articles.

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4. US FDA. Coronavirus disease 2019 testing basics. (2020). https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/covid-19-test-basics

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