Gender Issues in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update

Author:

Jobin Céline1,Larochelle Catherine1,Parpal Hélène1,Coyle Patricia K2,Duquette Pierre1

Affiliation:

1. CHUM Notre-Dame, 1560, rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal H2L 4M1, Canada

2. Department of Neurology, HSC T-12, Rm020, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8121, USA

Abstract

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) affects both women and men, women are more susceptible to MS than men. Accumulating evidence indicates that the incidence and prevalence of MS is increasing, more so in women than in men. Owing to pregnancy, differing hormonal states and distinct social roles, the impact of MS differs between women and men. Since Patricia K Coyle published a review on gender issues in MS, multiple studies have added to the body of knowledge. This update will summarize the current thinking on gender-related issues in MS and we will address incidence and prevalence, hormonal factors, pregnancy and breastfeeding, genetics, course and prognosis, imaging, treatment and psychosocial aspects. Future progression within this field will help elucidate the cause of and define the treatment of MS.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

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