A perspective on diet, epigenetics and complex diseases: where is the field headed next?

Author:

Coppedè Fabio1ORCID,Franzago Marica23,Giardina Emiliano45,Nigro Cristiana Lo6,Matullo Giuseppe7,Moltrasio Chiara89,Nacmias Benedetta1011,Pileggi Silvana12,Sirchia Silvia Maria12,Stoccoro Andrea1ORCID,Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana13,Stuppia Liborio314ORCID,Tricarico Rossella15,Merla Giuseppe1617

Affiliation:

1. Department of Translational Research & of New Surgical & Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy

2. Department of Medicine & Aging, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy

3. Center for Advanced Studies & Technology, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy

4. Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy

5. Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, 00133, Italy

6. Central Laboratory, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, 16128, Italy

7. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126, Italy

8. Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy

9. Department of Medical Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137, Italy

10. Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy

11. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, 50143, Italy

12. Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Milan, Milan, 20142, Italy

13. Department of Biology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, 70124, Italy

14. Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy

15. Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy

16. Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, 71013, Italy

17. Department of Molecular Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy

Abstract

Dietary factors can regulate epigenetic processes during life, modulating the intracellular pools of metabolites necessary for epigenetic reactions and regulating the activity of epigenetic enzymes. Their effects are strong during the prenatal life, when epigenetic patterns are written, allowing organogenesis. However, interactions between diet and the epigenome continue throughout life and likely contribute to the onset and progression of various complex diseases. Here, we review the contribution of dietary factors to the epigenetic changes observed in complex diseases and suggest future steps to better address this issue, focusing on neurobehavioral, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and Type 2 diabetes, cancer and inflammatory skin diseases.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Cancer Research,Genetics

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