DNMT1: catalytic and non-catalytic roles in different biological processes

Author:

Mohan Kommu Naga12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus, 500078, India

2. Centre for Human Disease Research, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus, 500078, India

Abstract

DNMT1 is the main enzyme that uses the information on DNA methylation patterns in the parent strand and methylates the daughter strand in freshly replicated hemimethylated DNA. It is widely known that DNMT1 is a component of the epigenetic machinery mediating gene repression via increased promoter methylation. However, recent data suggest that DNMT1 can also modulate gene expression independent of its catalytic activity and participates in multiple processes including the cell cycle, DNA damage repair and stem cell function. This review summarizes the noncanonical functions of DNMT1, some of which are clearly independent of maintenance methylation. Finally, phenotypic data on altered DNMT1 levels suggesting that maintenance of optimal levels of DNMT1 is vital for normal development and health is presented.

Funder

Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology

Science and Engineering Research Board

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Cancer Research,Genetics

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