Muscle wasting as main evidence of energy impairment in cancer cachexia: future therapeutic approaches

Author:

Madeddu Clelia1,Mantovani Giovanni1,Gramignano Giulia2,Astara Giorgio1,Macciò Antonio3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Sciences M Aresu, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy

2. Medical Oncology Unit, NS Bonaria Hospital, San Gavino, Italy

3. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, A Businco Hospital, Regional Referral Center for Cancer Diseases, Cagliari, Italy

Abstract

The present review aimed at discussing the impact, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of muscle wasting, which is a major clinical feature of cancer-related cachexia syndrome. The pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia lies in a discrepancy between anabolic and catabolic pathways mediated by chronic inflammation. Effective interventions specifically aimed at hampering muscle loss and enhancing muscle function are still lacking. Promising agents include anti-inflammatory, orexigenic and anabolic drugs, alongside with nutritional supplements that influence the STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways involved in muscle wasting. Personalized physical activity combined with pharmacological and nutritional support hold promise. A greater understanding of the pathogenetic processes of cancer cachexia-related muscle wasting will enable the development of an early and effective targeted mechanism-based multimodal approach.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology,General Medicine

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