1. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
2. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
3. Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
4. Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
5. Departments of Anesthesiology and Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA