Challenges in the early detection of breast cancer in resource-poor settings

Abstract

Breast cancer is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with high-income countries, where presentation with later stages coupled with suboptimal treatment leads to a high mortality rate. An important strategy is to detect cancers at an early stage where cure is possible. Screening mammography requires resources that are not available in LMICs. Clinical breast examination and breast self-examination have not been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer. Despite efforts to promote early detection, barriers to early detection in LMICs persist, and these barriers are not only due to poverty and illiteracy, but also due to psychosocial and cultural issues present in LMICs. Clearly, there are many challenges to early detection in LMICs that have to be addressed.