Role of transforming growth factor-β in cancer progression

Author:

Galliher Amy J1,Neil Jason R1,Schiemann William P2

Affiliation:

1. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA

2. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology, MS-8303, RC1 South Tower, Room L18-6110, 12801 East 17th Avenue, PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Abstract

Invasion and metastasis are the most lethal characteristics of cancer and the leading causes of cancer-related death. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine that normally functions to prevent the uncontrolled proliferation of epithelial, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Quite dichotomously, however, aberrant genetic or epigenetic events often negate the cytostatic function of TGF-β in these cells, leading to tumor formation. Once freed from the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-β, cancer cells acquire the ability to proliferate, invade and metastasize when stimulated by TGF-β. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these paradoxical functions of TGF-β remains elusive. Here, the authors review the tumor-suppressing and -promoting activities of TGF-β and discuss the potential use and targeting of the TGF-β-signaling system to prevent the progression and acquisition of metastatic phenotypes by human malignancies.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology,General Medicine

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