Biomarkers in localized prostate cancer

Author:

Ferro Matteo1,Buonerba Carlo2,Terracciano Daniela3,Lucarelli Giuseppe4,Cosimato Vincenzo3,Bottero Danilo1,Deliu Victor M1,Ditonno Pasquale4,Perdonà Sisto5,Autorino Riccardo6,Coman Ioman7,De Placido Sabino2,Di Lorenzo Giuseppe2,De Cobelli Ottavio17

Affiliation:

1. Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy

2. Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy

3. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy

4. Department of Emergency & Organ Transplantation – Urology, Andrology & Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

5. Department of Urology, National Cancer Institute of Naples, Naples, Italy

6. Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

7. Department of Urology ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Abstract

Biomarkers can improve prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for early diagnosis of prostate cancer is not satisfactory, as it is an organ- but not cancer-specific biomarker, and it can be improved by using models that incorporate PSA along with other test results, such as prostate cancer antigen 3, the molecular forms of PSA (proPSA, benign PSA and intact PSA), as well as kallikreins. Recent reports suggest that new tools may be provided by metabolomic studies as shown by preliminary data on sarcosine. Additional molecular biomarkers have been identified by the use of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. We review the most relevant biomarkers for early diagnosis and management of localized prostate cancer.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology,General Medicine

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