Factors Affecting Hyperphosphatemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and to examine the effects of dialysis-related characteristics, nutritional status, self-care, stress, and social support on hyperphosphatemia.Methods: This descriptive research study was designed to identify factors influencing the development of hyperphosphatemia in patients diagnosed with CRF. A convenience sample of 150 patients receiving hemodialysis was selected. Data were collected directly by the researchers from January to March 2022.Results: The regression model showed statistically significant results (<i>x</i>²=137.24, <i>p</i><.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were predictive factors. The risk of hyperphosphatemia was 3.09 times (95% CI, 1.15~8.25) higher for a BMI ≥25 kg/m² than for a BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m². The risk of hyperphosphatemia increased by 1.04 times (95% CI, 1.01~1.07) as the BUN levels increased.Conclusion: BMI and BUN were identified as major predictive factors for hyperphosphatemia, which confirms the importance of nutritional intake in dialysis patients. To prevent hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients, regular monitoring for dietary and nutritional status and nutrition education based on the results of monitoring should be carried out. Interdisciplinary strategies are also needed to prevent hyperphosphatemia.