Perbedaan Kadar Hemoglobin, Asupan Zat Besi, dan Zinc pada Balita Stunting dan Non Stunting

Abstract

  Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children cause growth retardation which caused by poor parenting and inadequate intake. Low intake of macro nutrient and micro nutrient can affect to stunting in toddler. Intake of iron and zinc affect the incidence of stunting because iron and zinc affect growth hormone. In addition, low iron intake can affect hemoglobin levels in the body Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of hemoglobin level, iron and zinc intake in stunting and non stunting toddler. Methods: The research was an observational analytic with cross sectional design. The sample of this study were 42 toddler12-24 months in Tambak Wedi Public Health Center, Kenjeran  Sub-district, Surabaya, 21 toddler each stunting and non stunting. The data were collected by measuring height, food recall 2x24 hours, and blood sampling for hemoglobin measurement with cyanmethemoglobin method. The data were analyzed using chi square test and fisher test. Results: The result of this study showed there was difference of hemoglobin level (p=0.009), iron intake (p=0.004), and zinc intake (p=0.000) Conclusion: Stunting toddler have a lower hemoglobin level, iron and zinc intake more than non stunting toddler. Mother of toddler should have to increase the variant food source iron and zinc to prevent stunting in the future. ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis pada anak-anak yang menyebabkan terganggunya pertumbuhan linear anak dan diakibatkan oleh pola asuh dan asupan yang rendah.Rendahnya asupan zat gizi makro maupun mikro dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita. Asupan zat besi dan zinc dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting karena zat besi dan zinc mempengaruhi hormon pertumbuhan. Selain itu, asupan zat besi yang rendah dapat mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin dalam tubuh. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar hemoglobin dan asupan zat besi serta zinc dari makanan pada balita stunting dan non stunting.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 42 balita berusia 12-24 bulan di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tambak Wedi Kecamatan kenjeran Surabaya, balitastunting dannonstunting masing-masing sebesar 21 sampel.Pengumpulan data menggunakan pengukuran tinggi badan, food recall 2x24 jam, dan pengambilan sampel darah untuk pengukuran kadar hemoglobin menggunakan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi square test dan fisher test.Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan kadar hemoglobin (p=0,009), asupan zat besi (p=0,004), dan zinc (p=0,000) pada anak stunting dan non stunting.Kesimpulan: Balita stunting memiliki kadar hemoglobin dan asupan zat besi dan zinc yang lebih rendah daripada balita non stunting. Ibu balita sebaiknya meningkatkan variasi asupan sumber zat besi dan zinc agar dapat mencegah terjadinya stunting di masa yang akan datang.