The efficiency of methods for catching insects - vectors of vector-borne diseases of animals and their species composition

Abstract

The article provides the results of study of the effectiveness of collection methods and the taxonomic identification of insects in the regions of Russia. During the research three methods of collecting insects were used: a UV trap, fly strips and a liquid gadfly trap (“death puddle”). The following blood-sucking insects play a key role in the epizootology of transmissible infections - houseflies (Muscidae), black flies (Simuliidae), mosquitoes (Culicidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), gadflies (Tabanidae). There has been obtained new information on the species, territorial and temporal dynamics of the distribution of vectors of lumpy skin disease in cattle in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Data collection of the spatial and temporal spread of the disease visualized using GIS-technologies have been generated on the basis of the statistical reports. As the result of the research, it has been established that in the Nizhny Novgorod region representatives of the Psychodidae family, the percentage of which was 40.9 %, predominate in the nocturnal entomological complex. They are followed by mosquitoes (genus Culex) - 21.6 %, biting midges - 16.4 % manure flies - 7.0 % and black flies - 3.0 %, respectively. In the Saratov region, the nocturnal entomological complex was represented by manure flies (family Sphaeroceridae), black flies (family Simuliidae) and mosquitoes (genus Culex), the percentages were 56,0, 32,0 and 12,0 %, respectively. At the same time, in the Saratov region there were collected 239 times less mosquitoes than in the Nizhny Novgorod region, which was due to an increase in temperature in the conditions of the southern regions. This caused the water bodies to dry out and reduced the pool of insects whose developmental cycle is related to water. It has been established that all-year keeping of cattle in winter cow yards provides the diversity and rise in the number of insect vectors, which increases the risk of lumpy skin disease as compared to the grazing system of cattle keeping. For collection daytime insect vectors, it is recommended to use fly strips covered with rosin and mineral oil. For collection insects of the nocturnal entomocomplex, which are the main transmitters of the lumpy skin disease virus, one should use ultraviolet traps.