Periodontitis: causes, conditions of occurrence and prevention

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. Analyze the causes and conditions for chronic generalized periodontitis, study means of preventive health care through individual oral hygiene. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study analyzed the scientific literature, devoted to casual factors and conditions of developing chronic generalized periodontitis, its influence on the health of the body and as well as the role of oral hygiene in preventing its onset and progression. Articles in leading domestic dental peer-reviewed publications along with data sources from Pubmed over the past 5 years were analyzed. RESULTS. The literature analysis found that majority of authors acknowledge microbial biofilm microbiota of the oral cavity as the leading etiological factor of periodontitis; such factors as poor oral hygiene, endogenous and exogenous erythrocyte sorption overload, the impact of physical environmental factors – external electromagnetic fields and vibrations affect the progression of the disease. Meanwhile, measures of professional oral hygiene и normalization of individual oral hygiene allows to significantly reduce the risk of emerging and progressing chronic generalized periodontitis. DISCUSSION. By category visits patients, suffering from CGP, were distributed as follows: 61,6 ± 0,7 % people – retirees of Russian Defense Ministry, 16,5 ± 0,5 % people – family members of military men and retired of RDM, 16,3 ± 0,5 % – military men, attached to the dentistry clinic of RDM military units and institutions, 5,7 ± 0,3 % – RMD cadets. Means of individual oral hygiene, relevant for the prevention of periodontitis, include about 15 items. Part of them are classified as traditional, and the proper application of some of them requires additional training, including in the framework of special medical training during hygiene education work and health promotion. The authors came to a conclusion about the expediency of increasing the number of dentists to intensify the prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases among military men through professionally monitored oral hygiene. CONCLUSION. The high prevalence and intensity of dental system diseases among military men shows the relevance of regular sanitation of their oral cavity. Systematic implementation of individual oral hygiene measures decreases the number of bacteria in the mouth, prevents the development of severe overall body response to inflammation, contributes to a significant reduction in the number of exacerbation of concomitant somatic diseases that improves overall health and people’s quality of life. Professionally monitored oral hygiene, oral hygiene education and motivation for applying modern hygiene products are considered as the basis of oral disease prevention.